In spite of this "modem" position, Maurice Denis remained a purely decorative painter his whole life long; his style was archaic, post-symbolist, even when he was trying to "renew" his subject, something he believed he was doing, for example, by substituting, in his painting Les Muses, visibly bourgeois figures, strolling in the Bois de Boulogne, for the deities of ancient Greece customary in the genre until then. At this period even someone like Eugene Pougheon would not shrink from placing "Venuses" and "Pegasuses" in the surroundings of the Jockey Club, while his rival Emile Aubry managed to seat a rococo Liberty vamp astride the back of a centaur. Even so, Maurice Denis was a hard taskmaster and a methodical teacher; the patient apprenticeship which Tamara absolved under his eye enabled her later to create immaculately structured pictures.

Her definitive stamp, however, Tamara received from the instruction she went on to receive from Andre Lhote: painter, decorator, critic, art-teacher, theoretician - activities which he himself found difficulty in reconciling, and which often enough prevented him from realizing the subtle syntheses of his inspiration. Andre Lhote was the inventor of a revised and corrected cubism, a "safe" cubism using "bourgeois" colours, a so-called synthetic cubism which Tamara took up immediately. In other words, it was a question of reconciling the iconography of the Salons (or, shall we say, of the academicians and other hacks) with avant-garde cubist experiments of Braque, Juan Gris, or Picasso. In short, to place a variety of cubism (one had to move with the times, after all) at the service of the bourgeoisie, albeit an attenuated cubism, acceptable on the walls of a respectable household, and unlikely to frighten away the visitors. On the one hand, Lhote was of the opinion that what the impressionists had built up on pure colour must now be transferred to the level of form-n. On the other hand, the only thing that interested him about cubism was its rational, constructive aspect, which, in his opinion, allowed the phenomena of the natural world to be preserved in a painting, and the forms of objects to be left intact, a human body, for example, being an object like any other. This was what he called the "plastic metaphor", a metaphor which Tamara used time and again in her artistic output: in her harems populated by provocative idiots; in her nudes, which are also allegories of lasciviousness; or in her portraits characterized by the haughty expression typical of a certain caste. Of course the negative side of this procedure is that cases left with nothing more than the most superficial aspects of cubism as originally conceived. There is a penalty to be paid when one reduces the figures to the lowest common colour denominator just in order to satisfy the requirements of plasticity. This is to confuse academism with simplification of the picture. One could say that Andr6 Lhote confused cubism with geometrism without realizing that cubism implies a total questioning of the pictorial system created by the Renaissance.